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Evaluate World Peace

avatar A room for linguists and others who would like to share and discuss nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics.
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bentley to bentley's feed, Linguistics
"The Washington Post accepts use of "they" as a singular pronoun. Pearls clutched across the nation." http://suricattus.livejou... referring to this: http://www.poynter.org/ne...
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"from the memo: "It is usually possible, and preferable, to recast sentences as plural to avoid both the sexist and antiquated universal default to male pronouns and the awkward use of he or she, him or her and the like: All students must complete their homework, not Each student must complete his or her homework. When such a rewrite is impossible or hopelessly awkward, however, what is known as “the singular they” is permissible: Everyone has their own opinion about the traditional grammar rule. The singular they is also useful in references to people who identify as neither male nor female." - bentley - - (Edit | Remove)
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The historical evidence and even some prescriptivist recommendations make clear that a singular "they" is legitimate and a useful tool for gender-neutral phrasing. I definitely prefer it to "his or her" and the like in most cases. Sometimes the singular "they" sounds awkward to my ear, especially when a sentence could be rephrased in a way that makes the pronoun agree with its antecedent. In the example "But a journalist should not be forced to reveal their sources," "a journalist" could be written as "journalists" and avoid a conflict in number, which I think is what the Washington Post is recommending. - John B. - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, History, Linguistics
Discovering Visigothic Manuscripts at the British Library http://britishlibrary.typ... http://britishlibrary.typ...
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"It was the year 1878 when the then British Museum acquired a collection of fourteen manuscripts and incunabula from the Spanish Benedictine monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos. The addition of these manuscripts to the already well-populated treasuries of the Museum completed an extraordinary interesting corpus of medieval codices written in the Iberian Peninsula’s most characteristic script, Visigothic." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
Why dogs and puppies are swear words in India: A short guide to Hindi profanity for the BJP http://scroll.in/article/...
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"English swear words can, by and large, be grouped into three categories: sexual (genitals, the F-word etc.), bodily functions (the most obvious being "shit") and social identity (race, nationality, parentage or even disability – on Indian Twitter, variants of the word “retard” and "moron" are shockingly common)." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
"Most subcontinental languages such as Hindi-Urdu have a rather different set of principles which drive their profanity. They can broadly be divided into religious, sexual (including incest) and honour." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, History, Linguistics
Who were the first people ever recorded in writing? https://cranberryletters.... https://static1.squarespa...
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"Who were the first people ever recorded in writing? /u/MissingPuzzle actually dug deep and found the answer: A Sumerian slave owner and his two slaves. Digging a little further, I found that the tablet is dated to ~3100 BCE." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
"Reading the tablet starting at the top and going down by column, it reads 2 KUR.SAL GAL SAL EN PAP X SUKKAL GIR3gunû or in English "Two slaves held by Gal Sal: En-pap X and Sukkalgir."" - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, History, Linguistics
A Normally Weird Language http://langevo.blogspot.d... http://1.bp.blogspot.com/...
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"Every week, the digital magazine Aeon publishes several ambitious essays, by competent writers, on culture, philosophy, science, technology and other interesting subjects. One of last week’s authors is John McWhorter, professor of linguistics and American studies at Columbia University; the topic is the English language. The essay is entitled “English is not normal”. Professor McWhorter argues not only that English is genuinely “weird” (anyone who has followed his publications already knows it) but makes a stronger claim that it “really is weirder than pretty much every other language”. Now that is a really weird thing to say, so let’s see how it is argued." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
What Is Linguistic Complexity and How to Measure It? http://www.languagesofthe...
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"Just to rank the complexity in general is, of course, not very interesting. It is more interesting to correlate complexity with other parameters. And recent studies show that the complexity of the language, this absolute linguistic complexity, is closely linked to the social situation in which the language has existed, with socio-linguistics. It turned out that simpler languages are usually languages with larger numbers of speakers, languages ​​of inter-ethnic communication, while the more complex languages are exactly the languages ​​that have fewer speakers, languages whose range of speakers is limited." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
Nonantum, the New England Town With Its Own Special Language http://www.newenglandhist... http://www.newenglandhist...
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"No matter where Nonantum natives go, they can tell someone is from their village when they hear them speak Lake Talk. Lake Talk is the unique argot of Nonantum, one of the 13 villages of Newton, Mass. Unintelligible to outsiders, it binds tighter the already close-knit Italian-American community." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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"Divia," Lake language for crazy, could come from the Italian word "divila," : Welsh Romani has a noun "divio" - "lunatic, madman", so it is very probable that "divia" originates from a variety of Romani, not from any Italian dialect. http://romani.uni-graz.at... - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
The secret languages of the Bazaars http://www.balcanicaucaso... http://www.balcanicaucaso...
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"They were multilingual places where secret languages were spoken. What has remained in the Balkan Bazaars of these codes, invented in order to understand each other and yet not be understood by outsiders?" - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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naltro to Fappatori di mappe, Linguistics, naltro's feed
Se non altro sappiamo l'inglese meglio dei francesi http://i.imgur.com/tLHr1P... http://www.ef-italia.it/e... EDIT: e liguria the best http://i.imgur.com/71NqPG...
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#franceshit - strega ☆ from iPad - - (Edit | Remove)
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mannaggia, you have reason - naltro - - (Edit | Remove)
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naltro to Linguistics, naltro's feed
(oald-ish, ma non lo sapevo, magari non lo sapevate nemmeno voi) L'accademia svedese introduce il pronome neutro http://informalingua.com/...
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Tra le grandi novità di questa nuova edizione del dizionario figura quella dell'introduzione del pronome personale neutro "hen" che si aggiunge al maschile e femmile "han" e "hon". Il pronome neutro potrà essere utilizzato per indicare una categoria o un'identità che non si voglia indicare come maschile o femminile e, soprattutto, per riferirsi a una persona in un contesto in cui non sia necessario sottolinearne il genere. - naltro - - (Edit | Remove)
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another possible explanation is that "sitt" wasn't adopted because germans prefer "völlig betrunken", which seems to be a duplicate - eddie. - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
Repeating aloud to another person boosts recall http://www.sciencedaily.c... http://images.sciencedail...
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"Repeating aloud boosts verbal memory, especially when you do it while addressing another person, says Professor Victor Boucher of the University of Montreal's Department of Linguistics and Translation. His findings are the result of a study that will be published in the next edition of Consciousness and Cognition. "We knew that repeating aloud was good for memory, but this is the first study to show that if it is done in a context of communication, the effect is greater in terms of information recall," Boucher explained." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
Languages less arbitrary than long assumed http://www.mpg.de/9675941...
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"Language is less arbitrary than assumed: the sounds and shapes of words can reveal aspects of meaning and grammatical function." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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How to paint with language http://www.mpg.de/7945482... - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, History, Linguistics
Where Do Languages Go to Die? http://www.theatlantic.co... http://cdn.theatlantic.co...
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"If a Middle Eastern man from 2,500 years ago found himself on his home territory in 2015, he would be shocked by the modern innovations, and not just electricity, airplanes, and iPhones. Arabic as an official language in over two dozen countries would also seem as counterintuitive to him as if people had suddenly started keeping aardvarks as pets." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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Providing them with termites and ants might be a bit tricky, I suppose. I didn't even know aardvarks exist before I read this article! - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
King - Man + Woman = Queen: The Marvelous Mathematics of Computational Linguistics http://www.technologyrevi... http://www.technologyrevi...
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"Computational linguistics has dramatically changed the way researchers study and understand language. The ability to number-crunch huge amounts of words for the first time has led to entirely new ways of thinking about words and their relationship to one another." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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I think it should work this way. Unfortunately, I am still stuck at almost no computational linguistics, but I appreciate using its results. :-) - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
‘Alphabet,’ From Ancient Greece to Google http://www.wsj.com/articl... http://si.wsj.net/public/...
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"By betting on “Alphabet,” Google is relying on a word that we all learn as children but has only existed in English for about five centuries. In Old English, if you wanted to refer to the alphabet, you would use a word formed from the first four letters: “a-be-ce-de.” In Middle English this was shortened to “a-be-ce,” or as we would now spell it, “ABC.”" - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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The Kharoṣṭhī script used in ancient Gandhara (primarily modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan) was based on an order of letters that has become known as the Arapacana alphabet, which runs a ra pa ca na la da ba ḍa ṣa va... https://en.wikipedia.org/... - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
Finding wisdom in Old English http://blog.oup.com/2015/... http://blogoup.electricst...
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"Anglo-Saxon literature is full of advice on how to live a good life. Many Anglo-Saxon poems and proverbs describe the characteristics a wise person should strive to possess, offering counsel on how to treat others and how to obtain and use wisdom in life. Here are some words in Old English (the name we give to the Germanic language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons) that describe what a wise person should aspire to be—and some qualities it’s better to avoid." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
7 ways Germans get English totally wrong http://www.thelocal.de/20... http://www.thelocal.de/us...
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"As much as English-speakers might feel insecure about their Deutsch skills when faced with Germans' comparatively widespread grasp of English, Germans themselves often mess up English - in some pretty hilarious ways." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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I'm used to Korean using English loanwords, but last week in Korea sent me into a state of shock over had badly English was abused. You can check my flickr photos for some of the weirdest ones. What bothers me most is that if Americans abused foreign languages in the same way, we'd be insulted for being ignorant. Other countries are like, "This is what this means HERE." - faboomama - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
When there's no one left to talk to: A guide to endangered languages http://www.hopesandfears....
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"From Auslan to Yagán, a linguist discusses dying languages and the different circumstances that put them at risk." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
The Vocabularist: The red-hot history of the word 'brand' http://www.bbc.com/news/b... http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk...
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"Brand has developed steadily from its fiery Anglo-Saxon roots into two almost contradictory meanings - sometimes denoting identity and reputation, and sometimes a mark of shame, writes Trevor Timpson." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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Hofstadter and Sander wrote about it in _Surfaces and Essences_ - .mau. from Android - - (Edit | Remove)
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bentley to Linguistics, bentley's feed
Stephen m. Greek στέφανος 'crown, wreath; reward, honor'. http://dmnes.org/name/Ste... Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources (via http://www.metafilter.com... )
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
HOW DO YOU SPEAK AMERICAN? MOSTLY, JUST MAKE UP WORDS http://www.atlasobscura.c...
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"It's more correct to say, for instance, that people living in England developed a new accent than that Americans "lost" their British way of speaking. Not long after the Revolutionary War, it became common among British people to drop r sounds—"card" became "caahd"—while Americans held onto their r-pronouncing rhoticity." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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maitani to maitani's feed, History, Linguistics
Indo-Europeans, Red in Tooth & Claw http://www.unz.com/gnxp/i... http://www.unzcloud.com/w...
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"The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics, by Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin Lewis is a pretty one-sided monograph. The reason, as admitted by the authors, is that they believe a certain sector of academia and the middle-brow reading public are not exhibiting enough skepticism about the application of Bayesian phylogenetics in linguistics. To a great extent The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics is a book length rejoinder to a paper published in 2003 to great acclaim, Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin. It’s basically a short letter to Nature." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)

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bentley to Linguistics, bentley's feed
"The International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA) is a free, online archive of primary-source dialect and accent recordings of the English language. Founded in 1997 at the University of Kansas, it includes hundreds of recordings of English speakers by natives of nearly 100 different countries. To find an example of an accent or dialect, use the Global Map, or select a continent or region at the Dialects and Accents page." http://www.metafilter.com...
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naltro to Linguistics, naltro's feed
How gay men used to speak - A short film in Polari https://www.youtube.com/w...
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"Polari (or alternatively Parlare, Parlary, Palare, Palarie, Palari; from Italian parlare, "to talk") is a form of cant slang used in Britain by actors, circus and fairground showmen, merchant navy sailors, criminals, prostitutes, and the gay subculture. " https://en.wikipedia.org/... - naltro - - (Edit | Remove)
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curiosamente, l'origine del nome è la stessa del polari - low level - - (Edit | Remove)
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maitani to maitani's feed, Linguistics
A World of Languages http://www.lucasinfografi... http://payload381.cargoco...
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"INFOGRAPHIC. There are at least 7,102 known languages alive in the world today. Twenty-three of these languages are a mother tongue for more than 50 million people. The 23 languages make up the native tongue of 4.1 billion people. We represent each language within black borders and then provide the numbers of native speakers (in millions) by country. The colour of these countries shows how languages have taken root in many different regions." - maitani - - (Edit | Remove)
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I was a little surprised by the number of Portuguese speakers. I had no idea there are more than 200 million people in Brazil! I would have guessed 50-60 million. :P - Ken Morley - - (Edit | Remove)
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